When two or more atoms combine, a competition for the available electrons can occur that leads to a nearly complete transfer of one or more electrons. The resulting formation of an ionic bond involves the removal of an electron from one atom, a process known as ionization potential of the atom. The other atom gains an electron, and the measure of its ability to do so is known as its electron affinity. An ionic bond result from the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the negatively charged anions and positively charged cations. When atoms of sodium and chlorine are brought together, for example, tablet salt (NaCl) is formed; a more proper representation might be Na+Cl-.
For detail look in Chemical Ionic Bond
Saturday, January 24, 2009
Reaction Rate
All the chemical reaction have each reaction rate. Each reaction can be different, depend on the Class of reaction. From an engineering viewpoint, reaction kinetics has these principal functions:
Establishing the chemical mechanism of a reaction obtaining experimental rate data.
Correlating rate data by equations or other means; Designing suitable reactors, Specifying operating conditions, control methods, and auxiliary equipment to meet the technological and economic needs of the reaction process.
Reactions can be classified in several ways. On the basis of mechanism they may be:
Establishing the chemical mechanism of a reaction obtaining experimental rate data.
Correlating rate data by equations or other means; Designing suitable reactors, Specifying operating conditions, control methods, and auxiliary equipment to meet the technological and economic needs of the reaction process.
Reactions can be classified in several ways. On the basis of mechanism they may be:
- Irreversible
- Reversible
- Simultaneous
- Consecutive
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